Ohio: Reynoldsburg retirement community Legionnaires’ case count up to 39, called ‘the largest Legionnaires’ outbreak in Ohio history’

The Legionnaires’ disease outbreak, which began last month at Wesley Ridge Retirement Community in Reynoldsburg, Ohio, has risen to 39 cases, making it the largest Legionnaires’ outbreak in Ohio history, according to a Columbus Dispatch report Friday.

Legionella Image/CDC

The outbreak of the bacterial disease that killed five people has been linked to contaminated water in an air-conditioning cooling tower and to several water sources.

The individuals sickened and killed in this outbreak range in age from 63 to 99, according to the report.

Legionnaires’ disease gained national notoriety in 1976 when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) discovered it during an epidemic of pneumonia among American legion members at a convention in Philadelphia.

The causative organism is the bacteria, Legionella pneumophila. Other species have also been implicated in Legionnaires’ disease. The legionella bacteria are found throughout nature, because of this most people become exposed to it but few develop symptoms.

The primary place in nature it’s found is water sources particularly at warmer temperatures; lakes, rivers and moist soil.

It is also found in man-made facilities (frequently the source of outbreaks) such as air-conditioning ducts and cooling towers, humidifiers,whirlpools and hospital equipment.

People get exposed through inhaling infectious aerosols from these water sources. There is no transmission from person to person.

The infection can appear in two clinical forms: Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever.

Both conditions are typified by headache, fever, body aches and occasionally abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Legionnaires’ disease is the cause of pneumonia where a non productive cough is typical. Fatality rates of this form of the infection are around 15 % even with improvements in treatment.

Pontiac fever is a self limiting flu-like illness that does not progress to pneumonia or death. Diagnosis is usually made by typical symptoms in a outbreak setting.

Diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease depends on identifying the bacteria in microbiological culture, detecting the antigen in urine samples or a fourfold increase in antibody titer.

Certain health conditions make you more susceptible to infection to include increasing age, smoking, chronic lung disease, malignancy and diabetes mellitus.

Legionnaires’ disease is treatable with antibiotics.

To following things can be done as preventive measures: cooling towers should be drained when not in use and cleaned to remove scale and sediment and biocides can be used to limit bacterial growth. Tap water should not be used in respiratory therapy devices.

CDC estimates that between 8,000 and 18,000 people are hospitalized with Legionnaires’ disease in the United States each year; however, only about 3,000 are reported to CDC each year.

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